Addressing Environmental Challenges in Pig Farming
Environmental contamination from nitrogen and phosphorus excretion has long been a major issue in pig farming, particularly during the growing–finishing phases. These nutrients, when not properly managed, can contribute to significant environmental problems, including water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Traditionally, pig farmers have relied on Group 3-Phase Feeding (CGF) systems, where large groups of pigs receive the same feed over extended periods. However, this approach often leads to inefficient nutrient utilization, resulting in excessive excretion and increased environmental impact.
Recognizing the need for more sustainable practices, researchers have been exploring alternatives that could reduce these negative effects. One promising approach is Individual Precision Feeding (IPF), which involves tailoring daily diets to the specific nutrient requirements of each pig. By better matching feed intake with nutritional needs, IPF has the potential to reduce waste and improve the overall efficiency of pig farming operations.
The Study: Evaluating Environmental Impact Through Life-Cycle Assessment
In a comprehensive study conducted in Quebec, Canada, researchers sought to evaluate the environmental benefits of shifting from CGF to IPF systems. Using Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA), they modeled the environmental impact of both feeding strategies across various stages of pig production. The LCA included inputs and outputs from raw material production, feed mill processing, transportation, animal rearing, and manure management. The study was designed to reflect real-world conditions, using actual management data from an average pig farm in Quebec.
By comparing IPF and CGF systems, the researchers aimed to quantify the potential reductions in Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP)—key indicators of environmental impact. The study found that transitioning to IPF led to a 7.6% reduction in GWP, a 16.2% decrease in AP, and a 13.0% reduction in EP. These significant improvements were largely due to the more efficient use of feed resources in the IPF system, which minimized the need for environmentally intensive ingredients like corn and soybean meal.
